Atelectasis lung sounds4/21/2024 ![]() ![]() We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. mucus buildup that causes a so-called mucus plug to block the airways. ![]() growths or objects in lung tissues and airways.inhaling a foreign object or getting one lodged in the airways or lung tissues.Obstructive types of atelectasis occur when an object or abnormal growth physically blocks an airway or increases pressure on lung tissues or airways.Ĭommon causes of obstructive atelectasis include: This condition may occur due to inflammatory diseases, infection, tumors, or other conditions known to cause inflammation. They rub against one another instead of smoothly gliding during inhalation and exhalation. Pleurisy occurs when the lung pleura become inflamed, rough, and sticky. Airways or lung tissue defectsĪbnormalities in airways or lung tissues can interfere with gas exchange, ventilation, surface tension, and how the lungs connect to the chest wall or fit within the chest cavity. ![]() This is often due to conditions that arise from premature birth, including respiratory distress syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant conditionsĪ deficiency or dysfunction can reduce the surface tension in the air sacs, causing them to collapse. Chest tumorsĮither cancerous or benign (non-cancerous) tumors can put pressure on airways and lung tissues, potentially causing them to collapse. Conditions, such as tuberculosis, fibrosis, and other chronic destructive lung conditions, often lead to lung damage. Lung damage or scarring can cause the lungs to shrink or become unable to expand fully. This condition is commonly caused by acquiring an infection, inflammatory diseases, and malignant (cancerous) tumors. Pleural effusion occurs when fluid accumulates between the lungs’ inner and outer membranes, which can cause a partial or total collapse. About 90% of people who are given general anesthesia develop atelectasis. This interferes with gas exchange and ventilation. This can cause lung tissues or airways to collapse.Ĭertain types of surgeries may also make it more difficult or painful to breathe deeply. Sedating medications for surgery, such as general anesthetic, change the way the lungs work, as well as the flow of gas exchange and ventilation. NonobstructiveĬauses of nonobstructive atelectasis include: Surgery The potential causes of atelectasis depend on whether it is a nonobstructive or obstructive type. ![]() It occurs due to the folding of the lung tissue to the membranes covering the lungs and connecting them to the chest wall, known as the external pleura. Rounded atelectasis is less common than other forms. Postoperative atelectasis usually develops within 72 hours of receiving general anesthesia because of altered gas exchange during sedation. When all of the gas is absorbed, the air sacs eventually collapse as the obstruction prevents more gas from entering. Obstructive atelectasis is also called resorptive atelectasis.Īn obstruction triggers a partial or complete lack of ventilation to the impacted area, though gas uptake into the blood still occurs. Replacement atelectasis: Occurs when tumors fill or replace the air sacs.Relaxation: The loss of contact between the membranes connecting to the chest wall, called the parietal pleura, and the membranes covering the lungs, known as the visceral pleura.Cicatrization: Occurs due to scarring, which causes the lungs to shrink.This is a soap-like substance that creates surface tension in the air sacs, helping them stay open. Adhesive: Caused by dysfunction or deficiency of pulmonary surfactant.Compression: Due to increased pressure on the lungs.Types of nonobstructive atelectasis include: The types of atelectasis sit within four categories based on the conditions that cause them. Share on Pinterest Image credit: AzmanL/Getty Images ![]()
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